JARGON “S”

SAPAS - See STANDARDIZED ASSESSMENT OF PERSONALITY-ABBREVIATED SCALE

SCHACTER AND SINGER EXPERIMENT ON EMOTION - The Schachter-Singer theory, was developed by psychologists Stanley Schachter and Jerome E. Singer in the 1960s. and is often referred to as the two-factor theory of emotion. It proposes that a combination of physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation determines emotions.

SCHIOZOAFFECTIVE DISORDER - Schizoaffective disorder is a mental health problem where you experience psychosis as well as mood symptoms. The word schizoaffective has two parts:

• ‘Schizo–‘ refers to symptoms of psychosis

• Affective’ refers to mood symptom

SCHIZOID PERSONALITY DISORDER - Is a condition where a person shows very little, if any, interest and ability to form relationships with other people. It's very hard for the person to express a full range of emotions.

SCHIZOPRHRENIA – Is a serious mental health condition that affects how people think, feel and behave. It may result in a mix of hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking and behaviour. Hallucinations involve seeing things or hearing voices that aren't observed by others. Delusions involve firm beliefs about things that are not true. People with schizophrenia can seem to lose touch with reality, which can make daily living very hard.

SCHIZOTYPAL PERSONALITY DISORDER - People with schizotypal personality disorder are often described as odd or eccentric, and they usually have few, if any, close relationships. They generally don't know how relationships form or how their behaviour affects others. They also tend to misinterpret others' motivations and behaviours and greatly distrust others. These problems may lead to severe anxiety and a tendency to stay away from social situations. That's because people with schizotypal personality disorder tend to hold odd beliefs and may find it hard to respond correctly to social cues.

SCID-5-AMPD - See STRUCTURED CLINICAL INTERVIEW FOR DSM-5-TR ALTERNATIVE MODEL FOR PERSONALITY DISORDERS VERSION

SCRY - To see what will happen in the future, especially by looking into an object such as a mirror or glass ball: She taught him how to scry, using water or crystal to see what is to come. Related words and phrases - The supernatural - general words astral, astrally, aureole black mass clairvoyantly

SECTIONS OF THE CHILDRENS ACT

SECTION 17 CHILD PROTECTION - If a child has complex needs, it may be appropriate for the local authority to provide support under section 17 of the Children Act 1989 (children in need)

SECTION 47 CHILD PROTECTION - Where there are child protection concerns, the local authority must make enquiries and decide if any action must be taken under section 47 of the Children Act 1989. A Section 47 enquiry involves social workers gathering evidence and speaking with the child, family, and other relevant professionals to determine if any interventions may be beneficial to the child's welfare. All assessments should be completed within 45 working days from the point of referral into local authority children's social care. If the child is in immediate danger the local authority or an authorised person (including the NSPCC) can take the following action through the courts: - an emergency protection order can be issued to immediately remove a child to a place of safety. Or an exclusion order can be issued to remove the abuser from the family home. Or a child assessment order can be issued for a children's social worker to assess the child’s needs without the parents' or carers' consent. Or the police can remove a child to a place of safety for up to 72 hours without obtaining a court order. Or a female genital mutilation protection order (FGMPO) can be applied for through a family court and offers the means of protecting actual or potential victims from FGM under the civil law.

SECTION 20 CARE - A child may be taken in to care voluntarily through Section 20 of the Children Act 1989. A local authority must provide accommodation for children who do not have anywhere suitable to live. This includes children who have nobody to look after them, or whose parents are unable to look after them for a period of time, due to illness or other problems. Under Section 20 a parent retains all their legal rights and can require the child’s return at any stage.

SECTIONS OF THE MENTAL HEALTH ACT 1983 AND 2007

SECTION 2 BEING DETAINED IN HOSPITAL - You can be detained under section 2 if: - you have a mental disorder, you need to be detained for a short time for assessment and possibly medical treatment, and it is necessary for your own health or safety or for the protection of other people. You can be detained for up to 28 days. The section can't normally be extended or renewed. But you may be assessed before the end of the 28 days to see if sectioning under section 3 is needed.

SECTION 3 BEING DETAINED IN HOSPITAL - You can be detained under section 3 if: - you have a mental disorder, you need to be detained for your own health or safety or for the protection of other people, and treatment can't be given unless you are detained in hospital. You cannot be sectioned under this section unless the doctors also agree that appropriate treatment is available for you. You can be detained for up to 6 months for the first time, then for 6 months, the second time, then after that, for 12-month periods. There is no limit to the number of times the responsible clinician can renew the section 3. Your responsible clinician can also discharge you from your section before it comes to an end. If this happens, you are free to go home. If your mental health gets worse again in the future, you could be sectioned and taken to hospital again on a new section.

SECTION 5(2) DETAINED FOR ASSESSMENT - Section 5(2) applies to you if you are a voluntary patient or inpatient (including inpatients being treated for a physical problem). A doctor or other approved clinician in charge of your treatment needs to report to the hospital managers that an application to keep you in hospital (a detention section) 'ought to be made'. Under this section you can be kept for up to 72 hours.

SECTION 5(4) NURSE’S POWER TO DETAIN YOU - Section 5(4) applies if you are a voluntary patient receiving treatment for a mental disorder as an inpatient. A nurse specially qualified and trained to work with mental health problems or learning disabilities can detain you if they think that your mental health problem is so serious that: - you need to be kept in hospital immediately for your health or safety or for the protection of others, and it is so urgent that it is not practicable to get a practitioner or clinician to provide a report to the hospital managers. You can be kept under section 5(4) for up to 6 hours, or until a doctor or clinician with authority to detain you arrives. Whichever is earlier.

SECTION 17 - This section applies if you are already detained under the Mental Health Act. This section gives the responsible clinician power to grant you leave for a specified period of time from the ward and the hospital. You are likely to be asked to keep to certain conditions, such as returning on a certain day or at a certain time or staying at a particular place or in the care of a particular person.

SECTION 35 DETENTION AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE - Section 35 applies if you are a person accused of a crime in criminal proceedings. The Crown Court or Magistrates' Court can remand you to hospital if one doctor has evidence that: - there is reason to suspect that you have a mental disorder, and it would be impracticable for a report on your mental condition to be made if you were remanded on bail. You can be kept under this section for up to 28 days, renewable for further periods of 28 days, to a maximum of 12 weeks in total.

SECTION 37 DETENTION AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE - Under this section, you can be sent to hospital for treatment. The Crown Court can make a hospital order before or after you have been convicted of a crime. The Magistrates' Court can only make a hospital order when you have been convicted of an offence that could be punished with a prison sentence. The court makes a hospital order on evidence from two doctors that: - you have a mental disorder of a nature or degree that makes detention for medical treatment appropriate, and appropriate medical treatment is available for you, and a hospital order is the most suitable option for you, after taking into account all the relevant circumstances (including your past history and character and other methods of dealing with your mental health problem that might be available to the court).You can be kept under this section for up to 6 months, and then can be renewed for a further 6 months, and then for 1 year at a time.

SECTION 41 DETENTION AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE - If the Crown Court has made a hospital order under section 37, it can also impose a 'restriction order'. This means that you can only be discharged, transferred, or given section 17 leave with permission from the Ministry of Justice. The Court will make a restriction order if it thinks it is necessary to protect the public from serious harm. There is no fixed time limit for how long you can be kept under this section. It changes the time limit of Section 37.

SECTION 47 CRIMINAL JUSTICE TRANSFER FROM PRISON TO HOSPITAL - Section 47 applies if the Ministry of Justice orders you to be transferred from prison to hospital for treatment of your mental health problems. You can be kept under this section for up to 6 months, renewable for a second 6 months, and then 1 year at a time.

SECTION 49 RESTRICTIONS - If the Ministry of Justice has ordered you to be transferred from prison to hospital under section 47, at the same time it can also impose a 'restriction direction' on you under section 49. This means that you can only be discharged, transferred, and given leave from hospital with permission from the Secretary of State for Justice.

SECTION 117 AFTERCARE - Under section 117, health authorities and local social services have a legal duty to provide free aftercare for people who have been discharged under Mental Health Act sections 3, 37, 45A, 47 or 48. The duty to provide aftercare also applies if you are given section 17 leave or are under a community treatment order. Aftercare services in the aftercare plan should be provided free of charge. The services: - will meet a need relating to your mental health problem and should prevent a deterioration in your mental health that would mean you had to return to hospital.

SECTION 135 POLICE POWERS - Allows the police to enter your home and take you to (or keep you at) a place of safety so that a mental health assessment can be done. This could involve keeping you at home. The police must have a warrant from the magistrate's court allowing them to enter your home. An application for a warrant must be made by an approved mental health professional (AMHP) and can be given where there is reasonable cause to believe that you: have a mental disorder, and are being ill-treated or neglected, or are unable to look after yourself. The police can keep you at the place of safety for up to 24 hours, which can be extended for another 12 hours if it was not possible to assess you in that time. The time starts when you arrive at the place of safety, or whenever the police arrived if you are not taken somewhere else.

SECTION 136 POLICE POWERS - Allows the police to take you to (or keep you at) a place of safety. They can do this without a warrant if: you appear to have a mental disorder, AND you are in any place other than a house, flat or room where a person is living, or garden or garage that only one household has access to, AND you are "in need of immediate care or control" (meaning the police think it is necessary to keep you or others safe). Before using section 136 the police must consult a registered medical practitioner, a registered nurse, or an AMHP, occupational therapist or paramedic. The police can keep you at the place of safety for up to 24 hours, which can be extended for another 12 hours if it was not possible to assess you in that time. The time starts when you arrive at the place of safety, or whenever the police arrived if you are not taken somewhere else. A place of safety can be:- a hospital, a care home, a police station, your or someone else’s home or room, other suitable premises where the manager of those premises agrees.

SECLUSION - Is a room that is designed for Seclusion, it a safe place people can be held until they are calm.

SECTIONED - Being sectioned means that you are kept in hospital under the Mental Health Act 1983. You can be sectioned if your own health or safety are at risk, or to protect other people.

SENCO – See SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL NEEDS COORDINATOR

SEND – See SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL NEEDS AND DISABILITIES

SEXUAL ORIENTATION - A person’s emotional, romantic and/or sexual attraction to another person.

SLEEP HYGIENE - Is a routine to help people gain the appropriate amount of quality sleep each night, this would include switching off technology and screens an hour before bed, reducing caffeine intake, having less clutter in your bedroom etc.

SOCIAL PRESCRIBING - Social prescribing is a key component of Universal Personalised Care. It is an approach that connects people to activities, groups, and services in their community to meet the practical, social and emotional needs that affect their health and wellbeing.

SOMATIC THERAPY - Somatic therapy, also known as somatic experiencing therapy, is a mental health therapy that aims to treat PTSD and other mental and emotional health issues through the connection of mind and body. This body-centric approach works by helping to release stress, tension, and trauma from the body. Somatic therapy incorporates body-oriented modalities such as dance, breathwork, and meditation to support mental healing. In addition, somatic experiencing therapy sessions include both talk therapy and mind-body exercises.

SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL NEEDS AND DISABILITIES - Educational requirements for children who have disabilities and/or learning difficulties.

SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL NEEDS COORDINATOR - Is an education specialist responsible for coordinating special educational needs provision in a school.

STANFORD PRISON EXPERIMENT (by Zimardo) - See ZIMARDO’S STANFORD PRISON EXPERIMENT

STANDARDIZED ASSESSMENT OF PERSONALITY-ABBREVIATED SCALE - The Standardized Assessment of Personality - Abbreviated Scale is used to screen for personality disorders and is used in clinical settings. The questions are designed to capture the presence of maladaptive personality traits and behaviours commonly associated with personality disorders. It covers areas such as impulsivity, emotional instability, difficulty maintaining relationships, and problems with self-image. The SAPAS was designed to be brief so it could be used in both routine clinical assessment when pressed for time, and potentially in community surveys. Respondents indicate whether or not they identify most of the time with the eight traits commonly found among people with personality disorders (e.g., “Would you normally describe yourself as a loner?”) on a Yes/No scale.

STRUCTURED CLINICAL INTERVIEW FOR DSM-5-TR ALTERNATIVE MODEL FOR PERSONALITY DISORDERS VERSION - The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID-5) is a semi-structured interview for making the major DSM-5 diagnoses. It is designed to be administered by a clinician or trained mental health professional. Ideally, this will be someone who has had experience performing unstructured diagnostic evaluations. The SCID is broken down into separate modules corresponding to categories of diagnoses. Most sections begin with an entry question that would allow the interviewer to "skip" the associated questions if not met. For all diagnoses symptoms are coded as present, subthreshold, or absent. For example, a diagnosis of PTSD is made following the PTSD diagnostic algorithm.